Feral Children free essay sample

A feral child is a human child who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age. A feral child has little to no experience of human care, loving or social behavior, and of human language. Some feral children have been abandoned by people, usually their own parents, and in some cases this child abandonment was due to the parents’ rejection of a child’s severe intellectual or physical impairment. Feral children may have experienced severe child abuse or trauma before being abandoned or running away. Feral children are sometimes the subjects of folklore and legends, typically portrayed as having been brought up by animals. Myths, legends, and fictional stories have depicted feral children raised by wild animals such as wolves, apes, and bears. A few examples of this would be Tarzan or Mowgli from Jungle Book. Legendary and fictional feral children are often portrayed as growing up with relatively normal human intelligence and skills and an innate sense of culture or civilization, and survival instincts; their union into human society is made to seem relatively easy, however this is not the case. We will write a custom essay sample on Feral Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Feral children tend to lack the basic social skills that are normally learned in the process of development. For example, they may be unable to learn to use a toilet, have trouble learning to walk upright after walking on fours all their life, and display a complete lack of interest in the human activity around them due to not learning these things in the critical time of learning. They often seem mentally impaired and have almost unconquerable trouble learning a human language. The impaired ability to learn a formal language after having been isolated for so many years is often attributed to the existence of a critical period for language learning, and taken as evidence in favor of the critical period hypothesis. The mythical children are often depicted as having superior strength, intelligence and morals compared to â€Å"normal† humans, the implication being that because of their upbringing they represent humanity in a pure and uncorrupted state: similar to the noble savage. There is little scientific knowledge about feral children. One of the best-known examples, the â€Å"detailed diaries† of Reverend Singh, who claimed to have discovered Amala and Kamala (two girls who had been â€Å"brought up from birth by wolves†) in a forest in India, has been proven a fraud to obtain funds for his orphanage. Child psychologist Bruno Bettelheim states that Amala and Kamala were born mentally and physically disabled.

Consequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples Essay Example

Consequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples Essay Example Consequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples Essay Consequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples Essay In 1492. Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean bearing the name of the Spanish Crown in hopes that he had landed in the Indies of Asia utilizing a direct sea path. Though that is non where he landed. his New World was a topographic point of great wealth. new stuffs and harvests. new beginning of labour. and new land for the European states. The effects for the native people of the Americas were much worse with lay waste toing decease tolls. captivity. new diseases and racialist attitudes towards them. Though it would non be just to state that the Europeans did non portion in negative effects or that the autochthonal people did non derive any advantages. The greatest negative effects for the Europeans due to the European enlargement are a annihilating economic revolution. and the debut of the genital disease Syphilis. Once the Spanish began to mine the cherished ores of America the wealth of Spain underwent a major transmutation. Demanding one-fifth of all net income. the Crown became vastly rich and this showed in their influence on the remainder of Europe. visual perception that other states now lacked the material wealth of Spain. Throughout this clip of great wealth the population rose steadily in Spain. With population addition. came an increased demand for nutrient and ware. Spain had expelled a big sum of their skilled husbandmans. workers. merchandisers and business communities during the Inquisition when they cleansed their state of the Judaic and Moslem people. Along with the demand in Spain. the demand for Spanish and European merchandises in the Americas besides became difficult to maintain up with. With the ever-increasing inflow of Ag bullion the monetary values in Spain began to lift and the rising prices quadrupled the monetary values of everything within 30 old ages. In 1556. Martin de Azpilcueta Navarro. a Spanish canon attorney. writes about the inflow of American Ag as the cause of the rising prices. We see by experience that in France. where money is scarcer than in Spain. staff of life. vino. fabric. and labor are deserving much less. And even in Spain. in times when money was scarcer. salable goods and labor were given for really much less than after the find of the Indies. which flooded the state with gold and Ag. The ground for this is that money is worth more where and when it is scarce than where and when it is abundant. Along with this. the Spanish male monarch Philip II spent more money on outside endeavors to decline his states debt. When necessitating to pay his debt to other states. he besides paid in silver bullion distributing the rising prices to the remainder of Europe. The find of the Americas led Europe to rising prices and increased monetary values and Spain to about complete debt by the 17th century. Besides Ag and gold. the native people of the Americas passed Syphilis on to the Spanish who came to settle at that place. In five twelvemonth clip. Syphilis had spread to Russia from the European Atlantic seashore. Though it could non be proven. Syphilis is thought to hold originated in Espaniola because no grounds of Syphilis exists in Europe before 1493. These unfastened sores. furuncles. and achings in the articulations caused tormenting strivings to many Europeans due to this rapidly widespread genital disease. The lone proven effectual manner to handle Syphilis was from imbibing the poached bark of the guaiacum tree which merely grew in Espaniola. Though no exact Numberss were calculated for Syphilis it could non be compared to the decease tolls that the European diseases left on the Indian populations. In a period of 130 old ages. something like 95 per centum of all Native Americans died of disease. That figure is far greater than experts ( until late ) had of all time suspected. The Native Americans who survived the pestilences were. of class. wholly demoralised and depressed by this enormous loss of their loved 1s. of their life style. and of their ancient civilization. ( Bib 2. ) The 95 percent population loss of the Natives was reeling compared to likely one per centum decease caused by Syphilis. Thus though Syphilis was a negative effect of European enlargement it proved minor comparison to the Indigenous peoples loss due to European disease. Besides new harvests and animate beings the autochthonal people were introduced to new faiths. medical specialties and ways of life that helped better themselves. Christian religion was introduced to the autochthonal people thanks to really fervent Catholicity from the Spanish and Lusitanian. These Christians taught of love. equality and a Eden after decease for those who acted good on Earth. For many autochthonal people this faith called to them and they were converted. Those who did non change over voluntarily were either forced to change over or killed. The native people really became really passionate about this faith and even followed spiritual philosophies more closely than the Spanish conquistadors. The indigens began to distribute peace and love as a bigger philosophy than district contending which shows how faith was a positive result from European enlargement. New engineering and medical specialty helped more efficaciously bring around the local people and brought new visible radiation to the subject. In Pre-Colombian times the Indian populations would come to the ailing and remain by their side through unwellness therefore likely catching the unwellness themselves. the Europeans taught to insulate the sick and better medical specialties to handle them. The lives that new medical specialties saved in the Americas is unmeasurable but likely still make non compare to the lives lost from European diseases. New engineerings such as guns. steel and seafaring equipment helped construct stronger arms than the 1s antecedently possessed by Indians. and a new stuff from which objects could be made. Very strong steel could be used to do protection from blades and blades themselves therefore strengthening autochthonal peoples’ ability to do arms. protect themselves. and Hunt. Many 1000s of things brought from Europe helped do autochthonal life better such as tapers to illume the dark and paper so writing and linguistic communication could be better developed. Though much understated there were many positive results from European enlargement to the autochthonal people of the Americas and even a few negative results for the Europeans themselves. More frequently than non. when speaking about the European enlargement into America. the Europeans seem to acquire much better wagess from their enlargement. And they really did. They reaped much higher wagess from their conquering of the Americas than the autochthonal people. yet it can non be forgotten that both peoples’ had multiple sides to their additions and losingss due to European enlargement. Bibliography Quotes: { draw: frame } 1. Why were Native Americans so vulnerable to European diseases? ( article ) . Articles on how to experience good more frequently and acquire more done. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. youmeworks. com/why_native_americans. hypertext markup language. Galloway. J. H. The Sugar Cane Industry An Historical Geography from its Beginnings to 1914 ( Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography ) . New York: Cambridge UP. 2005. Print. American Indian yesteryear and nowadays. Norman: University of Oklahoma. 2008. Print. Other Information: Spanish colonisation of the Americas . Wikipedia. the free encyclopaedia. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas. Native Americans in the United States – European colonisation. Spiritus-Temporis. com – Historical Events. Latest News. News Archives. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. spiritus-temporis. com/native-americans-in-the-united-states/european-colonization. hypertext markup language.

Reducing CO2 emissions from automobiles and trucks Term Paper

Reducing CO2 emissions from automobiles and trucks - Term Paper Example The auto industry sector is playing a leading role by proposing and embracing ways in which these emissions can be reduced in both its products and production sites. Various strategies are being used to reduce the emissions from automobiles and trucks as more research is being conducted to come up with better solutions (US DOT, 2010). This paper will discuss the current methods being used to reduce Co2 emissions from automobiles and other proposed methods that are still being reviewed. In the US, according to Dupont (2009), The National Highway Traffic safety Administration department (NHTSA) together with the Environmental Protection Agency have extended the National programme for reducing greenhouse gases emissions such as Co2 for Model years 2017 through 2025. In Europe, the automobile manufacturers have come up with practical, innovative and practical ways of reducing carbon dioxide emissions to show their commitment in achieving cost effective carbon dioxide reductions. Reductio n of Carbon dioxide emissions calls for an integrated approach as no single approach can work out on its own. New developments in motor vehicle technology need to be combined with alternative sources of fuel, efficient car use and driving style, improved traffic management, and imposing carbon tax. For this to succeed, the automotive industries, fuel sector, policy makers and drivers must work t in partnership to achieve the desired results (Zachariadis, 2012). Various Ways of reducing CO2 Emissions from Automobiles and Trucks The most widespread method that is adopted is the introduction of low carbon fuels. These alternative fuel sources include bio diesel, natural gas, electricity, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrogen. Research shows that these alternative methods apply for light-duty vehicles. Carbon dioxide reduction benefits from using renewable fuels depend on the production method of the fuel, the raw materials, carbon intensity of energy used in the production and the time frame evaluation. Research by the United States Transport Department (2010) shows use of advanced biofuels from cellulosic sources yields more benefits compared to first generation biofuels. Car engines are being adjusted in the current times and alternative fuels are being produced in large scale. Use of hydrogen in fuel could reduce about 80% of Carbon dioxide emissions per vehicle in the long term for a period of about 25 years or more. In case of electric vehicles, low carbon energy sources must be used in the battery technology in order to significantly reduce carbon emissions in the long term by about 80% (DOT, 2010). The second method that is being practiced in carbon emission reductions is increasing vehicle fuel economy. This method involves development and market introduction of advance engines and transmission models, materials that are light, improved vehicle aerodynamics with reduced rolling resistance. Currently, there are many technologies entering the market tailore d for different consumer preferences, usage and driving styles. In the past more than 50 new carbon dioxide reducing technologies in vehicles have been introduced by ACEA members, reducing carbon emissions by 13% and other technologies are coming up